Table 3

Variable costs per sampling event of cluster sampling in each trial block using R20, 4C, and NDVI3 sampling protocols. The sum of the variable costs per sampling event for each sample path is included and is used to calculate the total transportation cost of sampling using each method in each vineyard block. CA, California; NY, New York; R20, random sampling of 20 locations in a vineyard block; 4C, four corners sampling; NDVI3, satellite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images processed with an algorithm to locate three consecutive pixels representing the left tail, center, and right tail of the NDVI pixel population.