Table 2

Summary of the monetized cost and revenue components considered in the study for the four vineyards. Details and explanations of the value sources are presented in Appendix 2.

CostsMonetary value per ha ($)Years of occurrence
LowHigh
Vineyard establishment
Landa100,000.00150,000.001
Soil preparation1000.002000.001
Herbicides300.00600.001
Fertilizers6000.0010,000.001
Vine planting7853.0032,291.681
Irrigation system10,000.0050,000.001
Trellis system26,984.7545,509.751
Equipment200,000.00400,000.001
Vineyard operation
Herbicides0.00300.002 to 30
Mowing0.00380.002 to 30
Tilling0.00400.002 to 30
Fertilizers450.001000.002 to 30
Undervine management200.00370.002 to 30
Pesticides600.001500.002 to 30
Irrigation500.001000.002 to 30
General labor11,856.0023,712.002 to 30
Compost purchased with delivery1000.001500.002 to 30
Sheep grazing (two events per year)400.00500.002 to 30
Cover crop seed and planting40.00300.001 to 30
Property taxes800.001400.001 to 30
Insurance600.001000.001 to 30
Sanitation services197.60300.001 to 30
Investment repairs450.002500.001 to 30
Offices expenses370.50500.001 to 30
Capital recovery cost2000.004000.001 to 30
Revenue
Winegrape production22,600.0072,375.003 to 30
  • aLand purchase costs are based on minimum values and trends for plantable land in Sonoma County (Combs et al. 2022).