Table 4

Comparative economic analysis of 1 ha for the conventional (CV) and regenerative (RA) management scenarios in the four vineyards studied over 30 yr. Mg, Megagram; NPV, net present value over 30 yr.

Vineyard (grape)	Density (vines/ha)	Yield (Mg/ha)	Price ($/Mg)	Scenario	Initial investment ($)	Annual operating costs ($)	Annual revenue ($)	NPV^{^a} ($)	NPV change^{^b} (%)
Vineyard 1 (Pinot noir)	5382	11.6	3750	CV1 RA1	260,043 257,396	23,573 23,908	43,500 43,500	134,372 128,130	-4.6
Vineyard 2 (Chardonnay)	3588	19.3	2500	CV2 RA2	250,440 247,793	19,370 19,705	48,250 48,250	312,724 306,630	-1.9
Vineyard 3 (Cabernet Sauvignon)	3076	7.03	3000	CV3 RA3	227,659 226,148	17,919 18,237	21,090 21,090	-140,605 -147,441	-4.9
Vineyard 4 (Chardonnay)	1122	9.7	2500	CV4 RA4	207,515 205,874	11,530 11,768	24,250 24,250	60,731 55,622	-8.4

↵^aCalculation of NPV for RA scenarios assumes composting and sheep flock are outsourced.
↵^bPercentage difference in NPV between CV and RA scenarios, calculated as the relative change with CV as the baseline.