Table 5

Costs and benefits of in-house compost production of 20 Megagrams (Mg)/yr for four 4-ha vineyards. VM, vineyard manager; CAPEX, initial capital expenditures.

CategoryCost ($)Benefit ($)Year of occurrenceDescriptionSource
Initial costs
Turner8000-1Main equipment required to mix the composting materials. Assuming secondhand equipment.VM
Utility tractor - front loader5000-1This assumed tractor from vineyard can be used; only front loader implement would be required.VM
Thermometers400-1Four units. Temperature monitoring.VM
Plastic80-Every 3 yrCompost pile cover, periodic replacement.VM
Total initial costs13,480-1
Annual operating costs
Labor1680-3 to 30Management and maintenance of compost (e.g., monitoring, turning, mixing, and adding water): 4 hr once per week for 5 to 6 mo.VM
Resourcesa140-3 to 30Mainly water and chicken manure. Additional organic matter if required.VM
Equipment maintenance60-3 to 30Tools and machinery.VM
Total annual operating costs1880-3 to 30
Annual benefits
Waste management-13443 to 30Savings on waste fee disposal from Zero Waste Sonoma (e.g., yard debris): $112/Mg, and assuming 30% biomass discarded from winegrape.Zero Waste 2024b
Total annual benefits-13443 to 30
Net annual cash flow---$1344 - $1880 = -$536/year (Non-CAPEX years)