Table 1

Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC, leaf disease) and percent infected berries from the sulfur–biological fungicide–sulfur (S/B/S)a intelligent sprayer trial in 2021.

TreatmentbRatecAUDPCdPercent infected berries
UntreatedUntreated2964 (2916-3012) A74.0 (68.0-79.2) A
Aviv intelligent887 mL/379 L2266 (2081-2451) B13.8 (10.7-17.7) B
Aviv standard887 mL/379 L2231 (1982-2480) B16.1 (12.5-20.4) B
Serenade ASO intelligent9.3 L/ha1974 (1552-2396) B14.6 (11.3-18.7) B
Serenade ASO standard9.3 L/ha2236 (2004-2467) B18.2 (14.2-23.0) B
  • a5.6 kg/ha micronized sulfur applied from BBCH 17 to BBCH 64, biological fungicides then applied from BBCH 65 to BBCH 75, then 5.6 kg/ha micronized sulfur applications resumed until veraison (BBCH 81).

  • bAviv contains Bacillus subtilis strain IAB/BS03 (0.08%) as the active ingredient (AI) and Serenade ASO contains B. subtilis strain QST 713 (1.34%) as the AI.

  • cAll treatments applied at 552 kPa; intelligent sprayer treatments applied at 125 mL/m3 of grape canopy.

  • dEstimates are followed by asymptotic 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. Treatments followed by different letters are statistically different from each other, marginal means contrast (p ≤ 0.05) with p values adjusted using Tukey’s method.