Table 1
Summary of training system effects on yield, fruitfulness, fruit composition, and canopy microclimate of grapevines (NM: not measured). Abbreviations: 4AK, 4-arm Kniffin; 6AK, 6-arm Kniffin; GDC, Geneva double curtain; HRU, Hudson River umbrella; MP, minimally pruned; RI, Ravaz index: SH, Scott Henry; UK, umbrella Kniffin; VSP, vertical shoot-positioned.
