Skip to main content
Log in

Hormonal Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development: A Molecular Perspective

  • Published:
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fruit development is a complex yet tightly regulated process. The developing fruit undergoes phases of cell division and expansion followed by numerous metabolic changes leading to ripening. Plant hormones are known to affect many aspects of fruit growth and development. In addition to the five classic hormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene) a few other growth regulators that play roles in fruit development are now gaining recognition. Exogenous application of various hormones to different stages of developing fruits and endogenous quantifications have highlighted their importance during fruit development. Information acquired through biochemical, genetic and molecular studies is now beginning to reveal the possible mode of hormonal regulation of fruit development at molecular levels. In the present article, we have reviewed studies revealing hormonal control of fruit development using tomato as a model system with emphasis on molecular genetics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Rahman M, Thomas TH, Dossand GJ, Howell L. 1975. Changes in endogenous plant hormones in cherry tomato fruit during development and maturation. Physiol Plant 34:39–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AbdelRahman M. 1977. Patterns of hormone respiration and ripening enzymes during development maturation and ripening of cherry tomato fruits. Physiol Plant 39:115–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abel S, Oeller PW, Theologis A. 1994. Early auxin-induced genes encode short-lived nuclear proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:326–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S Abel A Theologis (1996) ArticleTitleEarly genes and auxin action Plant Physiol 111 9–17 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XivFektL4%3D Occurrence Handle8685277 Occurrence Handle157808 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.111.1.9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • L Adams-Phillips C Barry J Giovannoni (2004) ArticleTitleSignal transduction systems regulating fruit ripening Trends Plant Sci 9 331–338 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsVSnur0%3D Occurrence Handle15231278 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tplants.2004.05.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Alabadi MS Agüero MA Pérez-Amador J Carbonell (1996) ArticleTitleArginase, arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and polyamines in tomato ovaries: changes in unpollinated ovaries and parthenocarpic fruits induced by auxin and gibberellin Plant Physiol 112 1237–1244 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntVahurs%3D Occurrence Handle12226441 Occurrence Handle158051 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.112.3.1237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • D Alabadi J Carbonell (1998) ArticleTitleExpression of ornithine decarboxylase is transiently increased by pollination 2,4-D and GA3 in tomato ovaries Plant Physiol 118 323–328 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtV2ls7k%3D Occurrence Handle9733552 Occurrence Handle34871 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.118.1.323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • H Amitai-Zeigerson PA Scolnik D Bar-Zvi (1994) ArticleTitleGenomic nucleotide sequences of tomato Asr2, a second member of the stress/ripening–induced Asr1 gene family Plant Physiol 106 1699–1700 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXislenurg%3D Occurrence Handle7846175 Occurrence Handle159722 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.106.4.1699

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • F Antognoni F Ghetti A Mazzucato M Franceschetti N Bagn (2002) ArticleTitlePolyamine pattern during flower development in the parthenocarpic fruit (pat) mutant of tomato Physiol Plant 116 539–547 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xptlejtr4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160413.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • V Balbi TL Lomax (2003) ArticleTitleRegulation of early tomato fruit development by the Diageotropica gene Plant Physiol 131 186–197 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvVGgtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle12529527 Occurrence Handle166799 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.010132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • ME Balibrea Lara MC Garcia T Fatima R Ehness TK Lee and others (2004) ArticleTitleExtracellular invertase is an essential component of cytokinin-mediated delay of senescence Plant Cell 16 1276–1287 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktlOqsbY%3D Occurrence Handle15100396 Occurrence Handle423215 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.018929

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bangerth F.1981. Some effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones and growth regulators on growth and development of tomato fruits. In: Jeffcoat B (ed), Aspects and prospects of plant growth regulators. British Plant Growth Regulator Group Monograph no. 6. Wessex Press, Wantage, UK, pp 141–150

    Google Scholar 

  • R Barg E Meir D Lapushner R Frankel Y Salts (1990) ArticleTitleDifferential regulation of a fruit-specific 62 kDa protein in developing parthenocarpic (pat-2/pat-2) and seeded tomato fruits Physiol Plant 80 417–424 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjvFehug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb00061.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Barry MI Llop-Tous D Grierson (2000) ArticleTitleThe regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene expression during the transition from system-1 to system-2 ethylene synthesis in tomato Plant Physiol 123 979–986 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlt1Sltrw%3D Occurrence Handle10889246 Occurrence Handle59060 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.123.3.979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • RJ Bensen JAD Zeevaart (1990) ArticleTitleComparison of ent-kaurene synthetase A and B activities in cell-free extracts from young tomato fruits of wild-type and gib-1, gib-2, and gib-3 tomato plants J. Plant Growth Regul 9 237–242 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXit1GksLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02041969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Berry JD Bewley (1991) ArticleTitleSeeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) which develop in a fully hydrated environment in the fruit switch from a developmental to a germinative mode without a requirement for desiccation Planta 186 27–34 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XjvVSlsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle24186571 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00201494

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bewley JD, Black M. 1994. Dormancy and the control of germination. In: Bewley JD, Black M (ed), Seeds: physiology of development and germination, 2nd editon. New York, USA, Plenum Press, pp 199–271

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • GJ Bishop T Nomura T Yokota K Harrison T Noguchi et al. (1999) ArticleTitleThe tomato DWARF enzyme catalyses C-6 oxidation in brassinosteroid biosynthesis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 1761–1766 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFSqtr0%3D Occurrence Handle9990098 Occurrence Handle15587 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.96.4.1761

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • GJ Bishop (2003) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid mutants of crops J Plant Growth Regul 22 325–335 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsleqsLk%3D Occurrence Handle14676972 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00344-003-0064-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bohner J, Bangerth F. 1988. Cell number cell size and hormone levels in semi-isogenic mutants of Lycopersicon pimpinefollium differing in fruit size. Physiol Plant 72:316–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohner J, Hedden P, Bora-Haber E, Bangerth F. 1988. Identification and quantitation of gibberellins in fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum and their relationship to fruit size in L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium Physiol Plant 73:348–353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KJ Bradford AB Downie OH Gee V Alvarado H Yang and others (2003) ArticleTitleAbscisic acid and gibberellin differentially regulate expression of genes of the snf1-related kinase complex in tomato seeds Plant Physiol 132 1560–1576 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsFGhu7w%3D Occurrence Handle12857836 Occurrence Handle167094 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.102.019141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner ML, Cheikh N. 1995. The role of hormones in photosynthate partitioning and seed filling In: Davies PJ (ed), Plant hormones physiology biochemistry and molecular biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht The Netherlands. pp 649–670

    Google Scholar 

  • A Burbidge TM Grieve A Jackson A Thompson DR McCarty et al. (1999) ArticleTitleCharacterization of the ABA-deficient tomato mutant notabilis and its relationship with maize Plant J 17 427–431 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXit1Ggsb4%3D Occurrence Handle10205899 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00386.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JG Buta DW Spaulding (1994) ArticleTitleChanges in indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid levels during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit development and ripening J Plant Growth Regul 13 163–166 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitVertrc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00196382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Cakir A Agasse C Gaillard A Saumonneau S Delrot et al. (2003) ArticleTitleA grape ASR protein involved in sugar and abscisic acid signaling Plant Cell 15 2165–2180 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsV2gurk%3D Occurrence Handle12953118 Occurrence Handle181338 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.013854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • F Carrari AR Fernie ND Iusem (2004) ArticleTitleHeard it through the grapevine? ABA and sugar cross-talk: the ASR story Trends Plant Sci. 9 57–59 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVOku7o%3D Occurrence Handle15106586 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tplants.2003.12.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C Catala JKC Rose AB Bennett (2000) ArticleTitleAuxin-regulated genes encoding cell wall–modifying proteins are expressed during early tomato fruit growth Plant Physiol 122 527–534 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktFCjtbs%3D Occurrence Handle10677445 Occurrence Handle58889 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.122.2.527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • C Catala JKC Rose AB Bennett (1997) ArticleTitleAuxin regulation and spatial localization of an endo-14-b-d-glucanase and a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase in expanding tomato hypocotyls Plant J 12 417–426 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmsVams7Y%3D Occurrence Handle9301092 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.12020417.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WS Chao YQ Gu V Pautot EA Bray LL Walling (1999) ArticleTitleLeucine aminopeptidase RNAs, proteins, and activities increase in response to water deficit, salinity, and the wound signals systemin, methyl jasmonate, and abscisic acid Plant Physiol 120 979–992 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXls12rs7c%3D Occurrence Handle10444081 Occurrence Handle59357 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.120.4.979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • F Chen KJ Bradford (2000) ArticleTitleExpression of an expansin is associated with endosperm weakening during tomato seed germination Plant Physiol 124 1265–1274 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlWqs7w%3D Occurrence Handle11080302 Occurrence Handle59224 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.124.3.1265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • F Chen H Nonogaki KJ Bradford (2002) ArticleTitleA gibberellin-regulated xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene is expressed in the endosperm cap durin tomato seed germination J Exp Bot 53 215–223 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtlWkt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle11807125 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/53.367.215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JA Ciardi DM Tieman ST Lund JB Jones RE Stal others (2000) ArticleTitleResponse to Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria in tomato involves regulation of ethylene receptor gene expression Plant Physiol 123 81–92 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsFenu7s%3D Occurrence Handle10806227 Occurrence Handle58984 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.123.1.81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen SS. 1998. A guide to the polyamines. New York, USA, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen E, Arad SM, Heimer YM, Mizrahi Y. 1982. Participation of ornithine decarboxylase in early stages of tomato fruit development, Plant Physiol 70:540–543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • B Cong J Liu SD Tanksley (2002) ArticleTitleNatural alleles at a tomato fruit size quantitative trait locus differ by heterochronic regulatory mutations Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 13606–13611 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotVKmsbo%3D Occurrence Handle12370431 Occurrence Handle129721 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.172520999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • J Crane (1964) ArticleTitleGrowth substances in fruit setting and development Annu Rev Plant Physiol 15 303–326 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF2cXkvFCit7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.pp.15.060164.001511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane JC. 1969. The role of hormones in fruit set and development. Hort Sci 4:108–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RA Creelman JE Mullet (1997) ArticleTitleBiosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48 355–381 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjs1enu7s%3D Occurrence Handle15012267 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desai N, Chism GW. 1978. Changes in cytokinin activity in the ripening tomato fruit. J Food Sci 43:1324–1326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dibble ARG, Davies P, Mutschler MA.1988. Polyamine content of long-keeping Alcobaca tomato fruit. Plant Physiol 86:338–340

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • SL Forsburg P Nurse (1991) ArticleTitleCell cycle regulation in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Annu Rev Cell Biol 7 227–256 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xht1Cnsbs%3D Occurrence Handle1809348 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.cb.07.110191.001303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Fos F Nuez JL García-Martínez (2000) ArticleTitleThe pat-2 gene which induces natural parthenocarpy alters the gibberellin content in unpollinated tomato ovaries Plant Physiol 122 471–479 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktFCjtb4%3D Occurrence Handle10677440 Occurrence Handle58884 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.122.2.471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • M Fos F Nuez (1996) ArticleTitleMolecular expression of genes involved in parthenocarpic fruit set in tomato Physiol Plant 98 165–171 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvV2ntLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00688.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Fos K Proaño D Alabadí F Nuez J Carbonell and others (2003) ArticleTitlePolyamine metabolism is altered in unpollinated parthenocarpic pat-2 tomato ovaries Plant Physiol 131 359–366 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvVGmsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle12529543 Occurrence Handle166815 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.013037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • M Fos K Proaño F Nuez JL García-Martínez (2001) ArticleTitleRole of gibberellins in parthenocarpic fruit development induced by the genetic system pat-3/pat-4 in tomato Physiol Plant 111 545–550 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXivVaitLk%3D Occurrence Handle11299021 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110416.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George WL, Scott JW, Splittstoesser WE. 1984. Parthenocarpy in tomato. Hort Rev 6:65–84

    Google Scholar 

  • G Gillaspy H Ben-David W Gruissem (1993) ArticleTitleFruits: A developmental perspective Plant Cell 5 1439–1451 Occurrence Handle12271039 Occurrence Handle160374 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.5.10.1439

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • J Giovannoni (2001) ArticleTitleMolecular biology of fruit maturation and ripening Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52 729–752 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J Giovannoni (2004) ArticleTitleGenetic regulation of fruit development and ripening Plant Cell 16 S170–S180 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsFWltb8%3D Occurrence Handle15010516 Occurrence Handle2643394 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.019158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DE Godt T Roitsch (1997) ArticleTitleRegulation and tissue-specific distribution of mRNAs for three extracellular invertase isoenzymes of tomato suggests an important function in establishing and maintaining sink metabolism Plant Physiol 115 273–282 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmt1ynur0%3D Occurrence Handle9306701 Occurrence Handle158483 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.115.1.273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • M Goetz DE Godt T Roitsch (2000) ArticleTitleTissue-specific induction of the mRNA for an extracellular invertase isoenzyme of tomato by brassinosteroids suggests a role for steroid hormones in assimilate partitioning Plant J 22 515–522 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltFKksLc%3D Occurrence Handle10886771 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00766.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groot SPC, Bruinsma J, Karssen CM. 1987. The role of endogenous gibberellin in seed and fruit development of tomato: studies with a gibberellin-deficient mutant. Physiol Plant 71:184–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groot SPC, Karssen CM. 1992. Dormancy and germination of abscisic acid-deficient tomato seeds. Plant Physiol 99:952–958

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • T Guilfoyle G Hagen T Ulmasov J Murfett (1998) ArticleTitleHow does auxin turn on genes? Plant Physiol 118 341–347 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmslyqtr0%3D Occurrence Handle9765520 Occurrence Handle1539191 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.118.2.341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson FG. 1936. Inducement of fruit development by growth promoting chemicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 22:628–636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • RM Hackett CW Ho Z Lin HCC Foote RG Fray et al. (2000) ArticleTitleAntisense inhibition of the Nr gene restores normal ripening to the tomato never-ripe mutant consistent with the ethylene receptor inhibition model Plant Physiol 124 1079–1085 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlWru7s%3D Occurrence Handle11080285 Occurrence Handle59207 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.124.3.1079

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Halford NG, Bouly JP, Thomas M. 2000. SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRKs): regulators at the heart of the control of carbon metabolism and partitioning. Adv Bot Res 32:405–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NG Halford DG Hardie (1998) ArticleTitleSNF1-related protein kinases: global regulators of carbon catabolism in plants? Plant Mol Biol 37 735–748 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvVylu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle9678569 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006024231305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NG Halford S Hey D Jhurreea S Laurie RS McKibbin et al. (2003) ArticleTitleMetabolic signaling and carbon partitioning: role for Snf1-related (SnRK1) protein kinase J Exp Bot 54 467–475 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhsFKgtb4%3D Occurrence Handle12508057 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jxb/erg038

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Himmelbach YY Yang E Grill (2003) ArticleTitleRelay and control of abscisic acid signaling Curr Opin Plant Biol 6 470–479 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntVKhsbc%3D Occurrence Handle12972048 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00090-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho LC, Hewitt JD.1986. Fruit development. In: Atherton JG, Rudich J (eds), The tomato crop: a scientific basis for improvement. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press; Chapman and Hall Ltd., pp 201–240

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ho LC. 1996. Tomato. In: Zamki E, Shaffer AA (eds), Photoassimilate distribution in plant and crops. New York, USA, Marcel Dekker, pp 709–772

    Google Scholar 

  • Imanishi S, Nagata M. 2003. The effect of methyl jasmonate on expression of the genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruits. Abst. 169. American Society of Plant Biologists, Plant Biology 2003: July 25–July 30, 2003, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

  • ND Iusem DM Bartholomew WD Hitz PA Scolnik (1993) ArticleTitleTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) transcript induced by water deficit and ripening Plant Physiol 102 1353–1354 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXms1Cjsrw%3D Occurrence Handle8278555 Occurrence Handle158931 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.102.4.1353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • SE Jacobsen NE Olszewski (1996) ArticleTitleGibberellins regulate the abundance of RNAs with sequence similarity to proteinase inhibitors dioxygenases and dehydrogenases Planta 198 78–86 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhtVSntbrP Occurrence Handle8580773 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00197589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B Jones P Frasse E Olmos H Zegzouti ZG Li et al. (2002) ArticleTitleDown-regulation of DR12 an auxin-response-factor homolog in the tomato results in a pleiotropic phenotype including dark green and blotchy ripening fruit Plant J 32 603–613 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xps1Kru7k%3D Occurrence Handle12445130 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01450.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Joubès M Lemaire-Chamley F Delmas J Walter M Hernould et al. (2001) ArticleTitleA new C-type cyclin-dependent kinase from tomato expressed in dividing tissues does not interact with mitotic and G1 cyclins Plant Physiol 126 1403–1415 Occurrence Handle11500540 Occurrence Handle117141 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.126.4.1403

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • J Joubès TH Phan D Just C Rothan C Bergounioux et al. (1999) ArticleTitleMolecular and biochemical characterization of the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase A during the early development of tomato fruit Plant Physiol 121 857–869 Occurrence Handle10557234 Occurrence Handle59448 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.121.3.857

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karssen CM, Haigh A, van der Toorn P, Weges R.1989. In: Taylorson RB, editor. Physiological mechanisms involved in seed priming. Recent advances in the development and germination of seeds. New York, USA, Plenum Press, p 269–280

  • Kende (1993) ArticleTitleEthylene biosynthesis Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 44 283–307 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsFKisbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Klee (2004) ArticleTitleEthylene signal transduction. Moving beyond Arabidopsis Plant Physiol 135 660–667 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltlKjtbg%3D Occurrence Handle15208412 Occurrence Handle514102 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.104.040998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • H Klee (2002) ArticleTitleControl of ethylene-mediated processes in tomato at the level of receptors J Exp Bot 53 2057–2063 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVGks70%3D Occurrence Handle12324529 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jxb/erf062

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Klee D Tieman (2002) ArticleTitleThe tomato ethylene receptor gene family: form and function Physiol Plant 115 336–341 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVGit70%3D Occurrence Handle12081525 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150302.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CV Koka RE Cerny RG Gardner T Noguchi S Fujioka et al. (2000) ArticleTitleA putative role for the tomato genes DUMPY and CURL-3 in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and response Plant Physiol 122 85–98 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmvFantQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10631252 Occurrence Handle58847 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.122.1.85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • M Koornneef TDG Bosma CJ Hanhart JH Veen ParticleVan der JAD Zeevaart (1990) ArticleTitleThe isolation and characterization of gibberellin-deficient mutants in tomato Theor Appl Genet 80 852–857 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BC2c7lvVCqsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle24221121 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00224204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koshioka M, Nishijima T, Yamazaki H, Nonaka M, Mander LN. 1994. Analysis of gibberellins in growing fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum after pollination or treatment with 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. J Hort Sci 69:171–179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Kvarnheden JL Yao X Zhan I O’Brien BAM Morris (2000) ArticleTitleIsolation of three distinct CycD3 genes expressed during fruit development in tomato J Exp Bot 51 1789–1797 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXps1Kj Occurrence Handle11113158 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/51.352.1789

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacheene ZAES, El-Beltagy AS. 1986. Tomato fruit growth pattern and endogenous ethylene, indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid under normal and stress conditions. Acta Hort 190:325–338

    Google Scholar 

  • MB Lanahan HC Yen JJ Giovannoni HJ Klee (1994) ArticleTitleThe Never ripe mutation blocks ethylene perception in tomato Plant Cell 6 521–530 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtF2msbc%3D Occurrence Handle8205003 Occurrence Handle160455 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.6.4.521

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • J LeClercq L Adams-Phillips H Zegzouti B Jones A Latche et al. (2002) ArticleTitleLECTR1, a tomato CTR1-like gene, demonstrates ethylene signaling ability in Arabidopsis and novel expression patterns in tomato Plant Physiol 130 1132–1142 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovVOnu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle12427980 Occurrence Handle166634 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.009415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • JT Lee V Prasad PT Yang JF Wu TH David Ho et al. (2003) ArticleTitleExpression of Arabidopsis CBF1 regulated by an ABA/stress inducible promoter in transgenic tomato confers stress tolerance without affecting yield Plant Cell Environ 26 1181–1190 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmslant7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01048.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JM Lelièvre A Latché B Jones M Bouzayen JC Pech (1998) ArticleTitleEthylene and fruit ripening Physiol Plant 101 727–739 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01057.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N Li BL Parsons DR Liu AK Mattoo (1992) ArticleTitleAccumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase transcript in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines Plant Mol Biol 18 477–487 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhvFWit74%3D Occurrence Handle1371404 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00040664

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lisso J, Altmann T. 2003. The effect of BR’s on ripening and composition of the tomato fruit. Abstract. American Society of Plant Biologists, Plant Biology 2003: July 25–July 30, 2003, Honolulu, Hawaii USA

  • Y Liu M Schiff SP Dinesh-Kumar (2002) ArticleTitleVirus-induced gene silencing in tomato Plant J. 31 777–786 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFyjsbo%3D Occurrence Handle12220268 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01394.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YQ, Luo ZM, Hilhorst HWM, Karssen CM. 1996. Effects of endogenous GA and ABA on water relations in tomato fruit and seeds during development. Acta Phytophysiol Sinica 22:19–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Lu Z Zainal GA Tucker GW Lycett (2001) ArticleTitleDevelopmental abnormalities and reduced fruit softening in tomato plants expressing an antisense Rab11 GTPase gene Plant Cell 13 1819–1833 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsFKiu7w%3D Occurrence Handle11487695 Occurrence Handle139129 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.13.8.1819

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • JE Lunn E MacRae (2003) ArticleTitleNew complexities in the synthesis of sucrose Curr Opin Plant Biol 6 208–214 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1Gitr8%3D Occurrence Handle12753969 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00033-5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mapelli S, Frova C, Tort G, Soressi G. 1978. Relationship between set development and activities of growth regulators in tomato fruit. Plant Cell Physiol 19:1281–1288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Mapelli (1981) ArticleTitleChanges in cytokinin in the fruits of parthenocarpic and normal tomatoes Plant Sci Lett 22 227–233 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXlsVOhtLY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-4211(81)90235-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Martineau CM Houck RE Sheehy WR Hiatt (1994) ArticleTitle Fruit-specific expression of the A. tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase gene in tomato: effects on fruit ripening and defence-related gene expression in leaves Plant J 5 11–19 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlvFOjtrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.5010011.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Martineau KR Summerfelt DF Adams JW DeVerna (1995) ArticleTitleProduction of high solids tomatoes through molecular modification of levels of the plant growth regulator cytokinin Biotechnology 13 250–254 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktFWitrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1038/nbt0395-250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L Maskin GE Gubesblat JE Moreno FO Carrari N Frankel and others (2001) ArticleTitleDifferential expression of the members of the Asr gene family in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Plant Sci 161 739–746 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtFSqtLs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00464-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Mazzucato I Olimpieri F Ciampolini M Cresti GP Soressi (2003) ArticleTitleA defective pollen–pistil interaction contributes to hamper seed set in the parthenocarpic fruit tomato mutant Sex Plant Reprod 16 157–164 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00497-003-0188-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A Mazzucato AR Taddei GP Soressi (1998) ArticleTitleThe parthenocarpic fruit (pat) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) sets seedless fruits and has aberrant anther and ovule development Development 125 107–114 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFyrug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9389668

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RA Mehta T Cassol N Li N Ali AK Handa et al. (2002) ArticleTitleEngineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life Nat Biotechnol 20 613–618 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktFOhsrg%3D Occurrence Handle12042867 Occurrence Handle10.1038/nbt0602-613

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DO Morgan (1995) ArticleTitlePrinciples of CDK regulation Nature 374 131–134 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkt1yju7s%3D Occurrence Handle7877684 Occurrence Handle10.1038/374131a0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GK Muday TL Lomax DL Rayle (1995) ArticleTitleCharacterization of the growth and auxin physiology of roots of the tomato mutant, diageotropica Planta 195 548–553 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVyit7Y%3D Occurrence Handle11536692 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00195714

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Nebenfuhr TJ White TL Lomax (2000) ArticleTitleThe diageotropica mutation alters auxin induction of a subset of the Aux/IAA gene family in tomato Plant Mol Biol 44 73–84 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlaju7g%3D Occurrence Handle11094981 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006437205596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuez F, Costa J, Cuartero J 1986. Genetics of the parthenocarpy for tomato variety “Sub-Arctic plenty,” “75/59,” and “Severianin.” Z Pflanzenzuchtg 96:200–206

    Google Scholar 

  • EA Nigg (1995) ArticleTitleCyclin-dependent protein kinases: key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle Bioessays 17 471–480 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXntVarsr4%3D Occurrence Handle7575488 Occurrence Handle10.1002/bies.950170603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch JP. 1970. Hormonal factors in growth and development In: Hulme AC (ed), The biochemistry of fruits and their products. London, UK, Academic Press, pp 427–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch JP. 1971. Perennation through seeds and other structures: fruit development. In: Steward FC (ed), Plant physiology, a treatise, vol 6A. London, UK, Academic Press, pp 413–501

    Google Scholar 

  • C Norbury P Nurse (1992) ArticleTitleAnimal cell cycles and their control Annu Rev Biochem 61 441–470 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XlsVOlsLg%3D Occurrence Handle1497317 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.002301

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PW Oeller L Min-Wong L Taylor D Pike A Theologis (1991) ArticleTitleReversible inhibition of tomato fruit senescence by antisense RNA Science 254 437–439 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmslGqs7w%3D Occurrence Handle1925603 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.1925603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PW Oeller A Theologis (1995) ArticleTitleInduction kinetics of the nuclear proteins encoded by the early indoacetic acid-inducible genes, PS-IAA4/5 and PS-IAA6, of pea (Pisium sativum L.) Plant J 7 37–48 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXksF2ksbg%3D Occurrence Handle7894510 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.07010037.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JA Ozga DM Reinecke (2003) ArticleTitleHormonal interactions in fruit development J Plant Growth Regul 22 73–81 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosF2kur4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00344-003-0024-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Picton S, Barton SL, Bouzayen M, Hamilton AJ, Grierson D. 1993. Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene-forming enzyme transgene. Plant J 3:469–481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RK Proels B Hause S Berger T Roitsch (2003) ArticleTitleNovel mode of hormone induction of tandem tomato invertase genes in floral tissues Plant Mol Biol 52 191–201 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktFSnuro%3D Occurrence Handle12825699 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1023973705403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Rebers T Kaneta H Kawaide S Yamaguchi YY Yang and others (1999) ArticleTitleRegulation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes during flower and early fruit development of tomato Plant J 17 241–250 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvVSmtbc%3D Occurrence Handle10097383 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00366.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AM Redman DF Cipollini SuffixJr JC Schultz (2001) ArticleTitleFitness costs of jasmonic acid–induced defense in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Oecologia 126 380–385 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004420000522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JW Reed (2001) ArticleTitleRoles and activities of Aux/IAA proteins in Arabidopsis Trends Plant Sci 6 420–425 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvF2hur0%3D Occurrence Handle11544131 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(01)02042-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J-P Renaudin JH Doonan D Freeman J Hashimoto H Hirt and others (1996) ArticleTitlePlant cyclins: a unified nomenclature for plant A-, B- and D-type cyclins based on sequence organization Plant Mol Biol 32 1003–1018 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXovFSitQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9002599 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00041384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MS Rice T Lomax (2000) ArticleTitleThe auxin-resistant diageotropica mutant of tomato responds to gravity via an auxin-mediated pathway Planta 210 906–913 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtVWrt7w%3D Occurrence Handle10872221 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004250050696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Roitsch R Ehneß (2000) ArticleTitleRegulation of source/sink relations by cytokinins Plant growth Regul. 32 359–367 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisFWmur0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1010781500705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JKC Rose DJ Cosgrove P Albersheim AG Darvill AB Bennett (2000) ArticleTitleDetection of expansin proteins and activity during tomato fruit ontogeny Plant Physiol 123 1583–1592 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtVegsrc%3D Occurrence Handle10938374 Occurrence Handle59115 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.123.4.1583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • JKC Rose HH Lee AB Bennett (1997) ArticleTitleExpression of a divergent expansin gene is fruit-specific and ripening-regulated Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 5955–5960 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsFOkt7s%3D Occurrence Handle9159182 Occurrence Handle20888 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.94.11.5955

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • M Rossi ND Iusem (1994) ArticleTitleTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genomic clone homologous to a gene encoding an abscisic acid-induced protein Plant Physiol. 104 1073–1074 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXksFWjsrw%3D Occurrence Handle8165244 Occurrence Handle160707 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.104.3.1073

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • AA Sanderfoot NV Raikhel (1999) ArticleTitleThe specificity of vesicle trafficking: coat proteins and SNAREs: Plant Cell 11 629–642 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtFSrur0%3D Occurrence Handle10213783 Occurrence Handle144205 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.11.4.629

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sastry KKS, Muir RM. 1963. Gibberellin: effect on diffusible auxin in fruit development. Science 140:494–495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp RE, LeNoble ME, Else MA, Thorne ET, Gherardi F. 2000. Endogenous ABA maintains shoot growth in tomato independently of effects on plant water balance: evidence for an interaction with ethylene. J Exp Bot 51:1575–1584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng J, Ye J, Shen L, Luo Y. 2003. Effect of lipoxygenase and jasmonic acid on ethylene biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening. Acta Hort 20:119–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjut V, Bangerth F. 1982. Induced parthenocarpy: a way of changing the levels of endogenous hormones in tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.): 1. Extractable hormones. Plant Growth Regul 1:243–251

    Google Scholar 

  • W Sun MJ Kieliszewski AM Showalter (2004) ArticleTitleOverexpression of tomato LeAGP-1 arabinogalactan-protein promotes lateral branching and hampers reproductive development Plant J 40 870–881 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpslGhsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle15584953 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02274.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y Takai T Sasaki T Matozati (2001) ArticleTitleSmall GTP-binding proteins Physiol Rev 81 153–185 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitV2ktLw%3D Occurrence Handle11152757

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G Testa R Caccia F Tilesi G Soressi A Mazzucato (2002) ArticleTitleSequencing and characterization of tomato genes putatively involved in fruit set and early development Sexual Plant Rep 14 269–277 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisVens7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00497-001-0122-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Theologis (1992) ArticleTitleOne rotten apple spoils the whole bushel: the role of ethylene in fruit ripening Cell 70 181–184 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XltVyjtLs%3D Occurrence Handle1638627 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0092-8674(92)90093-R

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AJ Thompson M Tor CS Barry J Verbalov C Orfila and others (1999) ArticleTitleMolecular and genetic characterization of a novel plieotropic tomato-ripening mutant Plant Physiol 120 383–389 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktFWru7w%3D Occurrence Handle10364389 Occurrence Handle59276 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.120.2.383

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DM Tieman JA Ciardi MG Taylor HJ Klee (2001) ArticleTitleMembers of the tomato LeEIL (EIN3-like) gene family are functionally redundant and regulate ethylene responses throughout plant development Plant J 26 47–58 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1Kls7Y%3D Occurrence Handle11359609 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01006.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DM Tieman MG Taylor JA Ciardi HJ Klee (2000) ArticleTitleThe tomato ethylene receptors NR and LeETR4 are negative regulators of ethylene response and exhibit functional compensation within a multigene family Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 5663–5668 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsVWmsbc%3D Occurrence Handle10792050 Occurrence Handle25885 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.090550597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tigchelaar EC, McGlasson WB, Buescher RW.1978. Genetic regulation of tomato fruit ripening. Hort Sci 13:508–513

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Tournier MT Sanchez-Ballesta B Jones E Pesquet F Regad et al. (2003) ArticleTitleNew members of the tomato ERF family show specific expression pattern and diverse DNA-binding capacity to GCC box element FEBS Lett 550 149–154 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsVKnt7s%3D Occurrence Handle12935902 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00757-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Valero D Martinez-Romero M Serrano (2002) ArticleTitleThe role of polyamines in the improvement of the shelf life of fruit Trends Food Sci Tech 13 228–234 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFeguro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0924-2244(02)00134-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KJ van den Heuvel JM Hulzink GW Barendse GJ Wullems (2001) ArticleTitleThe expression of tgas118, encoding a defensin in Lycopersicon esculentum, is regulated by gibberellin J Exp Bot 52 1427–1436 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVCmtLY%3D Occurrence Handle11457902 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/52.360.1427

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KJPT Heuvel Particlevan den RJ Esch GWM Barendse Particlevan GJ Wullems (1999) ArticleTitleIsolation and molecular characterization of gibberellin-regulated H1 and H2B histone cDNAs in the leaf of a gibberellin-deficient tomato Plant Mol Biol 39 883–890 Occurrence Handle10344194 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006157718263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KJPT Heuvel Particlevan den RH Lipzig Particlevan GW Barendse GJ Wullems (2002) ArticleTitleRegulation of expression of two novel flower-specific genes from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by gibberellin J Exp Bot 53 51–59 Occurrence Handle11741041 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/53.366.51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VB Vardhini SS Rao (2002) ArticleTitleAcceleration of ripening of tomato pericarp discs by brassinosteroids Phytochem 61 843–847 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00223-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrebalov J, Ruezinsky D, Padmanabhan V, White R, Medrano D, others. 2002. A MADS-box gene necessary for fruit ripening at the tomato ripening-inhibitor (rin).locus Science. 296:342–346

    Google Scholar 

  • DR Walters (2003) ArticleTitlePolyamines and plant disease Phytochemistry 64 97–107 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXms1Okur8%3D Occurrence Handle12946408 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00329-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Wilkinson M Lanahan H Yen J Giovannoni H Klee (1995) ArticleTitleAn ethylene-inducible component of signal transduction encoded by Never-ripe Science 270 1807–1809 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhtVSiurnJ Occurrence Handle8525371 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.270.5243.1807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SF Yang NE Hoffman (1984) ArticleTitleEthylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants Annu Rev Plant Physiol 35 155–189 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXkvVOnsrg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Yen S Lee S Tanksley M Lanahan H Klee et al. (1995) ArticleTitleThe tomato Never-ripe locus regulates ethylene-inducible gene expression and is linked to a homologue of the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene Plant Physiol 107 1343–1353 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXltVClsLc%3D Occurrence Handle7770528 Occurrence Handle157269 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.107.4.1343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • N Yokotani S Tamura R Nakano A Inaba Y Kubo (2003) ArticleTitleCharacterization of a novel tomato EIN3-like gene (LeEIL4) J Exp Bot 54 2775–2776 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpvVemurw%3D Occurrence Handle14623944 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jxb/erg308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Z Zainal GA Tucker GW Lycett (1996) ArticleTitleA rab11-like gene is developmentally regulated in ripening mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit Biochim Biophys Acta 1314 187–190 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmsVygt7s%3D Occurrence Handle8982274 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0167-4889(96)00133-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RW Zobel (1972) ArticleTitleGenetics of the diageotropica mutant in the tomato J Hered 63 91–97

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank the reviewers and the editor for valuable comments that led to improvement of this article. This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture IFAFS program (Award No 741740) and the United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development Fund (grant US-3132-99).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Avtar K. Handa.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Srivastava, A., Handa, A.K. Hormonal Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development: A Molecular Perspective. J Plant Growth Regul 24, 67–82 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-005-0015-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-005-0015-0

Keywords

Navigation