Abstract
Water is a key resource in commercial wine production and both large excesses and deficits have undesirable effects upon the amount and quality of the wine produced. A balance between the water requirements of a fully developed canopy and the induced stress necessary for the commercial quality of the wine must be reached. Thus we need a physiological indicator that integrates both soil and climatic conditions to use as a management tool. An experimental field was established in the eastern part of the Demarcated Region of Douro – Portugal, to study the effect of water supply on the quality of the musts produced and we need a physiological indicator that relates to the water use and stress of the grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and to the later evaluation of the effect of irrigation practices upon the quality of the musts. We chose as indicators sap flow, leaf water potential at pre-dawn (0600 h), mid-morning (1000 h), solar noon (1400 h) and sunset (1900 h), stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration both measured at mid-morning and at solar noon, and related them to our experimental treatments that induce differences in soil water content, evaluated with time-domain reflectometry probes, with the objective of selecting the indicator that best describes the plant water status under different amounts of available water. Sap flow, leaf water potential and leaf transpiration rate measured at solar noon had highly significant correlations with soil water content and their regression on soil water content was also highly significant. Each of these parameters has shortcomings and none has a clear advantage over the other two as an integrator of the environmental conditions under these experimental conditions. Further studies of the parameters and their relationship with the quality characteristics of the produced musts are needed to achieve the ultimate objective of manipulating the soil water content.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DRD:
-
Demarcated Region of Douro
- E :
-
Leaf transpiration rate
- g s :
-
stomatal conductance
- sf:
-
sap flow
- sw:
-
soil water
- TD:
-
Thermal Dissipation
- ΨL :
-
Leaf water potential
References
S J Ansley W A Dugas M L Heuer B A Trevino (1994) ArticleTitleTrunk flow and porometer measurements of transpiration from honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) J. Exp. Bot. 45 847–856
S M Assmann (2003) ArticleTitleOPEN STOMATA1 opens the door to ABA signalling in Arabidopsis guard cells Trends Plant Sci. 8 151–153 Occurrence Handle12711225 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtFeqs70%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00052-9
J M Baker (2003) ArticleTitleRecalcitrant problems in environmental instrumentation Agron. J. 95 1404–1407 Occurrence Handle10.2134/agronj2003.1404
P Braun I Schmid (1999) ArticleTitleSap flow measurements in grapevines. I. Stem morphology and the use of the heat balance method Plant and Soil 215 39–45 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXos1anuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1004756002983
C M Burt A J Mutziger R G Allen T A Howell (2005) ArticleTitleEvaporation research, review and interpretation J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 131 37–58 Occurrence Handle10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2005)131:1(37)
X Choné C Leeuwen Particlevan D Dubourdieu J P Gaudiller (2001) ArticleTitleStem water potential is a sensitive indicator of grapevine water status Ann. Bot. 87 477–483 Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.2000.1361
InstitutionalAuthorNameCOBA (1987) Carta de solos e carta de utilização actual do solo do nordeste de Portugal Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal 235
Y Cohen (1994) Thermoelectric methods for measurement of sap flow in plants G Stanhill (Eds) Advances in Bioclimatology Springer-Verlag New York 63–89
J Escalona J Flexas H Medrano (2002) ArticleTitleDrought effects on water flow, photosynthesis and growth of potted grapevines Vitis 41 57–62
J E Fernández M J Palomo A Díaz-Espejo B E Clothier S R Green I F Girón F Moreno (2001) ArticleTitleHeat-pulse measurements of sap flow in olives for automating irrigation: tests, root flow and diagnostics of water stress Agric. Water Manage. 51 99–123 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00119-6
J Flexas J Bota J M Escalona B Sampol H Medrano (2002) ArticleTitleEffects of drought on photosynthesis under field conditions, an evaluation of stomatal and mesophyll limitations Funct. Plant Biol. 29 461–471 Occurrence Handle10.1071/PP01119
S Green B Clothier B Jardine (2003) ArticleTitleTheory and practical application of heat pulse to measure sap flow Agron. J. 95 1371–1379 Occurrence Handle10.2134/agronj2003.1371
H Habermann E C Machado J D Rodrigues C L Medina (2003) ArticleTitleGas exchange rates at different vapor pressure deficits and water relations of ‘Pera’ sweet orange plants with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) Sci. Hort. 98 233–245 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0304-4238(02)00228-5
M J Harris W H Outlaw (1991) ArticleTitleRapid adjustment of guard-cell abscisic acid levels to current leaf-water status Plant Physiol. 95 171–173 Occurrence Handle16667946 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXnvVyrsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.95.1.171
R B Jackson J S Sperry T E Dawson (2000) ArticleTitleRoot water uptake and transport, using physiological processes in global predictions Trends Plant Sci. 5 482–488 Occurrence Handle11077257 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FmtFSmtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01766-0
T Kato R Kimura M Kamichika (2004) ArticleTitleEstimation of evapotranspiration, transpiration ratio and water-use efficiency from a sparse canopy using a compartment model Agric. Water Manage. 65 173–191 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agwat.2003.10.001
E Lebon V Dumas P Pieri H R Schultz (2003) ArticleTitleModeling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards Funct. Plant Biol. 30 699–710 Occurrence Handle10.1071/FP02222
Y Li Y Cohen R Wallach S Cohen M Fuchs (2004) ArticleTitleOn quantifying soil water deficit of a partially wetted root zone by the response of canopy or leaf conductance Agric. Water Manage. 65 21–38 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agwat.2003.07.004
M E Link M E Thiede M G Bavel Particlevan (1998) ArticleTitleAn improved strain-gauge device for continuous field measurement of trunk and fruit diameter J. Exp. Bot. 49 1583–1587 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlvVyrtbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/49.326.1583
D S Long J M Wraith G Kegel (2002) ArticleTitleA heavy-duty time domain reflectometry soil moisture probe for use in intensive field sampling Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66 396–401 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVCmsLg%3D Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj2002.0396
P Lu L Urban Z Ping (2004) ArticleTitleGranier’s Thermal dissipation probe (TDP) method for measuring sap flow in trees, theory and practice Acta Bot. Sin. 46 631–646
P Lu I A M Yunusa R R Walker W J Müller (2003) ArticleTitleRegulation of canopy conductance and transpiration and their modeling in irrigated grapevines Funct. Plant Biol. 30 689–698 Occurrence Handle10.1071/FP02181
M A Matthews R Ishii M M Anderson M O’Mahony (1990) ArticleTitleDependence of wine sensory attributes on vine water status J. Sci. Food Agric. 51 321–335 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXktlyrsL0%3D
H Medrano H J M Escalona J Bota J Gulías J Flexas (2002) ArticleTitleRegulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought, stomatal conductance as a reference parameter Ann. Bot. 89 895–905 Occurrence Handle12102515 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVeitLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093/aob/mcf079
F C Meinzer (2003) ArticleTitleFunctional convergence in plant responses to the environment Oecologia 134 1–11 Occurrence Handle12647172 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00442-002-1088-0
J C Mendes (1991) Normas climatológicas da região de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro e Beira Interior INMG Lisboa 235
P L Nagler E P Glenn T L Thompson (2003) ArticleTitleComparison of transpiration rates among saltcedar, cottonwood and willow trees by sap flow and canopy temperature methods Agric. Forest Meteorol. 116 73–89 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00251-4
A Naor R L Wample (1994) ArticleTitleGas exchange and water relations of field grown concord (Vitis labruscana Bailey) grapevines Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 45 333–337 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXltlGit74%3D
E Nicolas A Torrecillas M F Ortuño R Domingo J J Alarcón (2005) ArticleTitleEvaluation of transpiration in adult apricot trees from sap flow measurements Agric. Water Manage. 72 131–145 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.008
M F Ortuño J J Alarcón E Nicolás A Torrecillas (2004) ArticleTitleComparison of continuously recorded plant-based water stress indicators for young lemon trees Plant and Soil 267 263–270 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s11104-005-0108-3
M Padgett-Johnson L E Williams M A Walker (2003) ArticleTitleVine water relations, gas exchange, and vegetative growth of seventeen Vitis species grown under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions in California J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128 269–276
A Patakas B Noitsakis A Chouzouri (2005) ArticleTitleOptimization of irrigation water use in grapevines using the relationship between transpiration and plant water status Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 106 253–259 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agee.2004.10.013
D E Pataki R Oren (2003) ArticleTitleSpecies differences in stomatal control of water loss at the canopy scale in a mature bottomland deciduous forest Adv. Water Resour. 26 1267–1278 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.advwatres.2003.08.001
A Pellegrino E Lebon M Voltz J Wery (2004) ArticleTitleRelationships between plant and soil water status in vine (Vitis vinifera L.) Plant and Soil 266 129–142 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsFGjsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s11104-005-0874-y
G Rana N Katerji (2000) ArticleTitleMeasurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate, a review Eur. J. Agron. 13 125–153 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00070-8
D Remorini R Massai (2003) ArticleTitleComparison of water status indicators for young peach trees Irrig. Sci. 22 39–46
A G Reynolds A P Naylor (1994) ArticleTitle“Pinot noir” and “Riesling” grapevines respond to water stress duration and soil water holding capacity Hortscience 29 1505–1510
P F Scholander H J Hammel A Bradstreet E A Hemmingsen (1965) ArticleTitleSap pressure in vascular plants Science 148 339–346 Occurrence Handle17832103 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cvlsVKquw%3D%3D
M H Sellami M S Sefaoui (2003) ArticleTitleEstimating transpiration in an intercropping system, measuring sap flow inside the oasis Agric. Water Manage. 59 191–204 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00134-8
D M Smith S J Allen (1996) ArticleTitleMeasurement of sap flow in plant trunks J. Exp. Bot. 47 1833–1844 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXot1Wguw%3D%3D
C R Souza J P Maroco T P Santos M L Rodrigues C Lopes J S Pereira M M Chaves (2005) ArticleTitleControl of stomatal aperture and carbon uptake by deficit irrigation in two grapevine cultivars Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 106 261–274 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agee.2004.10.014 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhslehtLY%3D
W Trambouze M Voltz (2001) ArticleTitleMeasurement and modeling of the transpiration of a Mediterranean vineyard Agric. Forest Meteorol. 107 153–166 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00226-4
W Trambouze P Bertuzzi M Voltz (1998) ArticleTitleComparison of methods for estimating actual evapotranspiration in a row-cropped vineyard Agric. Forest Meteorol. 91 193–208 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00072-0
C Leeuwen Particlevan G Seguin (1994) ArticleTitleIncidences de l’alimentation en eau de la vigne, appreciée par l’etat hydrique du feuillage, sur le dévelopment de l’appareil végétatif et la maturation du raisin J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin 28 81–110 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitVSlsbo%3D
S Wilkinson W J Davies (1997) ArticleTitleXylem sap pH increase, a drought signal received at the apoplastic face of the guard cell that involves the suppression of saturable abscisic acid uptake by the epidermal symplast Plant Physiol. 113 559–573 Occurrence Handle12223626 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXht1Gitrc%3D
S D Wullschleger F C Meinzer R A Vertessy (1998) ArticleTitleA review of whole-plant water use studies in trees Tree Physiol. 18 499–512 Occurrence Handle12651336
I A M Yunusa R R Walker J R Guy (1997) ArticleTitlePartitioning of seasonal evapotranspiration from a commercial furrow-irrigated Sultana vineyard Irrig. Sci. 18 45–54 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002710050043
I A M Yunusa R R Walker P Lu (2004) ArticleTitleEvapotranspiration components from energy balance, sapflow and microlysimetry techniques for an irrigated vineyard in inland Australia Agric. Forest Meteorol. 127 93–107 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.07.001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sousa, T.A., Oliveira, M.T. & Pereira, J.M. Physiological Indicators of Plant Water Status of Irrigated and Non-irrigated Grapevines Grown in a Low Rainfall Area of Portugal. Plant Soil 282, 127–134 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5374-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5374-6