Abstract
Fungal infections of vineyard grapes compromise the yield and sensory properties of wines. Consequently, there is a need for more effective fungal control measures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of a novel lipopeptide fungicidal formulation to control these diseases. A mixture of rhamnolipids (RLs) and the lipodepsinonapeptide syringomycin E (SRE) showed greater inhibitory activities than SRE alone against fungi isolated from grape berries and stems of a heavily infected vineyard in Louisiana. The fungal species tested were Aspergillus japonicus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia brachyspora, Greeneria uvicola, Nigrospora sphaerica, Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sclerotiorum, and P. thomii. Exposure to SRE resulted in 50% killing of germinating conidia of all these fungal species at concentrations between 0.75 and 3 μM and the SRE + RL mixture gave 50% killing between 0.75 and 1 μM SRE. Nongerminated conidia of only C. brachyspora were killed by SRE alone or SRE + RLs (both giving 50% killing at <1 μM SRE). The RLs alone did not affect the growth of either germinating or nongerminating conidia of these fungi. Results demonstrate the potent and broad fungicidal properties of SRE and show that when mixed with RLs, it is even more lethal to a wide range of grape-associated fungi in the germination stage.
- fungicide
- Vitis
- syringomycin
- rhamnolipid
- Aspergillus japonicus
- Cladosporium cladosporioides
- Curvularia brachyspora
- Greeneria uvicola
- Nigrospora sphaerica
- Penicillium sclerotiorum
- Penicillium thomii
- Trichoderna sp.
- Received February 2009.
- Revision received July 2009.
- Accepted July 2009.
- Published online March 2010
- Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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