Abstract
Penicillim expansum has emerged as the cause of storage decay of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) and has been frequently isolated from apparently healthy clusters of grapes in Chile. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify patulin-producing strains of Penicillium associated with wine grapes and wineries in Chile and to determine the potential presence of patulin in wines made with grapes infected with P. expansum. In this study, P. brevicompactum, P. expansum and P. glabrum were identified on apparently healthy grape clusters and in the air of vineyards and wineries. After examining 132 Penicillium isolates, 15 of them, only P. brevicompactum or P. expansum, were patulin-producing strains, determined by HPLC-UV/DAD. Patulin was also detected in Cabernet Sauvignon musts produced with grapes contaminated with a patulin-producing strain of P. expansum. However, patulin concentrations decreased during fermentation with a reduction of 67.3 to 83.3%. Overall, the frequency of the isolation of P. expansum from grapes was relatively low; thus, considering the rapid degradation of patulin produced during fermentation, the risk of patulin contamination of bottled wine appears to be low.
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