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Research Note

Quinones of Macfadyena cynanchoides for Control of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger in Wine

Gisselle R. Apud, Diego A. Sampietro, Pedro A. Aredes-Fernández
Am J Enol Vitic. January 2022 73: 67-73; published ahead of print November 11, 2021 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2021.21010
Gisselle R. Apud
1Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina;
2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Diego A. Sampietro
1Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina;
2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Pedro A. Aredes-Fernández
1Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina;
2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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  • For correspondence: pedroaredes@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Antiochratoxigenic activity (anti-OTA) of dichloromethane extract of Macfadyena cynanchoides stems, its antifungal metabolites (lapachol and 1-hydroxy-4-methyl anthraquinone), and sodium metabisulfite were evaluated alone and in combination for their effect on Aspergillus species at sub-lethal concentrations. Grape juice inoculated with 5 × 103 spores/mL of A. carbonarius or A. niger was supplemented with the extract (2500 to 156.3 µg/mL), the quinones (1250 to 78.1 µg/mL), or sodium metabisulfite (2500 to 156.3 µg/mL). OTA accumulation was measured for the sub-lethal concentrations after incubating in the dark for six days at 15°C. The extract and sodium metabisulfite completely inhibited growth of both fungi at 2500 µg/mL, while lapachol and 1H4MA required 1250 µg/mL. Average OTA biosynthesis declined to 30 to 60% less than the control at extract concentrations of 625 to 1250 μg/mL. Both lapachol and 1H4MA at 625 μg/mL exerted a similar anti-OTA effect, with an average inhibition of 30%. Sodium metabisulfite increased OTA production 60 to 100% at all sub-lethal concentrations. Binary mixtures of extract or lapachol or 1H4MA + sodium metabisulfite, at concentrations of 9.8 + 156.3 µg/mL, 19.5 + 312.5 µg/mL, and 39.1 + 625 µg/mL, completely inhibited OTA production. In addition, the mixture lapachol + sodium metabisulfite (9.8 + 156.3 µg/mL) delayed the time required to complete alcoholic fermentation, but did not reduce Saccharomyces cerevisiae viability or modify physicochemical parameters at the end of fermentation. The mixture sodium metabisulfite + lapachol has potential as an antifungal and anti-OTA agent to reduce the dose of sulfites to control Aspergillus on grapes postharvest.

  • antiochratoxigenic
  • Aspergillus
  • fungal inhibition
  • natural metabolites
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • wine
  • Received March 2021.
  • Revision received August 2021.
  • Revision received September 2021.
  • Accepted October 2021.
  • Copyright © 2022 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture. All rights reserved.
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Quinones of Macfadyena cynanchoides for Control of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger in Wine
Gisselle R. Apud, Diego A. Sampietro, Pedro A. Aredes-Fernández
Am J Enol Vitic.  January 2022  73: 67-73;  published ahead of print November 11, 2021 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2021.21010

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Quinones of Macfadyena cynanchoides for Control of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger in Wine
Gisselle R. Apud, Diego A. Sampietro, Pedro A. Aredes-Fernández
Am J Enol Vitic.  January 2022  73: 67-73;  published ahead of print November 11, 2021 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2021.21010
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